ANNA University Power System Operation And Control Notes
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Syllabus:
UNIT II REAL POWER - FREQUENCY CONTROL 9 Basics of speed governing mechanism and modeling - speed-load characteristics – load sharing
between two synchronous machines in parallel. Control area concept LFC control of a singlearea system. Static and dynamic analysis of uncontrolled and controlled cases. Integration of economic dispatch control with LFC. Two-area system – modeling - static analysis of uncontrolled case - tie line with frequency bias control of two-area system - state variable model.
UNIT III REACTIVE POWER–VOLTAGE CONTROL 9 Basics of reactive power control. Excitation systems – modeling. Static and dynamic analysis -
stability compensation - generation and absorption of reactive power. Relation between voltage,power and reactive power at a node - method of voltage control - tap-changing transformer. System level control using generator voltage magnitude setting, tap setting of OLTC transformer and
MVAR injection of switched capacitors to maintain acceptable voltage profile and to minimize transmission loss.
UNIT IV UNIT COMMITMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH 9 Statement of economic dispatch problem – cost of generation – incremental cost curve co-ordination equations without loss and with loss, solution by direct method and λ-iteration method. (No derivation of loss coefficients). Statement of Unit Commitment problem – constraints; spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints, hydro constraints, fuel constraints and other constraints. Solution
methods - Priority-list methods - forward dynamic programming approach. Numerical problems only in priority-list method using full-load average production cost.
UNIT V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS 9
Need of computer control of power systems. Concept of energy control centre (or) load dispatch centre and the functions - system monitoring - data acquisition and control. System hardware configuration – SCADA and EMS functions. Network topology - state estimation - security analysis
and control. Various operating states (Normal, alert, emergency, in-extremis and restorative). State transition diagram showing various state transitions and control strategies.
Syllabus:
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 System load – variation - load characteristics - load curves and load-duration curve (daily,weekly and annual) - load factor - diversity factor. Importance of load forecasting and simple techniques of forecasting. An overview of power system operation and control and the role of computers in the implementation. (Qualitative treatment with block diagram).
UNIT II REAL POWER - FREQUENCY CONTROL 9 Basics of speed governing mechanism and modeling - speed-load characteristics – load sharing
between two synchronous machines in parallel. Control area concept LFC control of a singlearea system. Static and dynamic analysis of uncontrolled and controlled cases. Integration of economic dispatch control with LFC. Two-area system – modeling - static analysis of uncontrolled case - tie line with frequency bias control of two-area system - state variable model.
UNIT III REACTIVE POWER–VOLTAGE CONTROL 9 Basics of reactive power control. Excitation systems – modeling. Static and dynamic analysis -
stability compensation - generation and absorption of reactive power. Relation between voltage,power and reactive power at a node - method of voltage control - tap-changing transformer. System level control using generator voltage magnitude setting, tap setting of OLTC transformer and
MVAR injection of switched capacitors to maintain acceptable voltage profile and to minimize transmission loss.
UNIT IV UNIT COMMITMENT AND ECONOMIC DISPATCH 9 Statement of economic dispatch problem – cost of generation – incremental cost curve co-ordination equations without loss and with loss, solution by direct method and λ-iteration method. (No derivation of loss coefficients). Statement of Unit Commitment problem – constraints; spinning reserve, thermal unit constraints, hydro constraints, fuel constraints and other constraints. Solution
methods - Priority-list methods - forward dynamic programming approach. Numerical problems only in priority-list method using full-load average production cost.
UNIT V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS 9
Need of computer control of power systems. Concept of energy control centre (or) load dispatch centre and the functions - system monitoring - data acquisition and control. System hardware configuration – SCADA and EMS functions. Network topology - state estimation - security analysis
and control. Various operating states (Normal, alert, emergency, in-extremis and restorative). State transition diagram showing various state transitions and control strategies.
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